Medicare IRMAA Calculator (2025 Part B & D Surcharges)

How it works

2025 Part B: $185.00 / 259.00 / 370.00 / 480.90 / 591.90 / 628.90; Part D add-on: $0 / 13.70 / 35.30 / 57.00 / 78.60 / 85.80; brackets (single) $106k / 133k / 167k / 200k / 500k, joint = 2× (top $750k); based on MAGI from 2 years prior

Medicare premiums are means-tested through IRMAA — the income-related monthly adjustment amount — which the Social Security Administration sets using the tax return from two years earlier. Cross a threshold by a single dollar and the whole higher surcharge applies for the year, for each spouse on Medicare, which is why retirees planning Roth conversions, large capital gains or property sales watch the brackets closely. In 2025 the surcharges range from $74 to $444 a month per person for Part B plus up to $86 for Part D, adding as much as $12,700 a year for a high-income couple. If income has dropped because of a life-changing event — retirement, death of a spouse, divorce — you can appeal with form SSA-44 to use the current year instead.

Worked example

A couple filing jointly with 2023 MAGI of $215,000 in 2025: tier 1 — Part B $259 each and Part D +$13.70 each, $2,105 a year in surcharges; they have $51,000 of headroom before tier 2 would add another $3,182.

Frequently asked questions