Sports Calculators

Calculate a baseball or softball batting average from hits and at-bats — and on-base percentage if you add walks, HBP and sacrifice flies.

Calculate a pitcher’s earned run average from earned runs and innings pitched, with partial innings and 7- or 9-inning games.

Estimate your golf handicap index from three recent 18-hole scores plus course and slope rating — a simplified take on the WHS formula.

Average three bowling games and get your series total and high game in one shot.

Turn a swim distance and time into your pace per 100 yards or meters, plus speed.

Get your average cycling speed in mph and km/h — plus minutes per mile — from ride distance and time.

Estimate your one-rep max from any set of 1–20 reps with seven formulas (Epley, Brzycki, Lombardi, Mayhew, O’Conner, Wathan, Lander) and their average, plus a 50–100% training table and a rep-max chart in lb or kg.

Predict your marathon finish time from a recent 5K, 10K or half marathon using Riegel’s formula.

Turn a goal finish time into your pace per km and per mile, then get an even-effort split table for every kilometre of the race.

Convert treadmill speed in mph to pace per mile and per km, and see the flat-road effort an incline adds to your run.

Estimate your cycling Functional Threshold Power from a 20-minute test and get your seven Coggan training power zones in watts.

Divide your cycling power by body weight to get watts per kilogram — the number that decides who wins on the climbs — with a rough category guide.

Estimate the calories you burn on a run from your body weight, distance and pace, using the well-known ~1 kcal per kg per km relationship.

Predict your finish time at any race distance from a recent result using Riegel’s formula — 5K to 10K, 10K to half, mile to marathon, any pair.

Turn a sprint distance and time into speed in km/h, m/s and mph, plus your pace per 100 metres — for the 40-yard dash, 100 m and any short sprint.

Estimate lower-body peak power in watts from your vertical jump height and body weight using the Sayers equation, with an athleticism guide.

Compute an NFL quarterback passer rating from completions, attempts, yards, touchdowns and interceptions — on the official 0 to 158.3 scale.

Work out a basketball player’s True Shooting % from points or made shots, field goal and free throw attempts — with eFG%, FG%, 3P% and FT%, points added over the league average, the points needed to reach a target TS% and a choice of free-throw weight (0.44 NBA, 0.475 college).

Convert steps to miles and kilometres from your height and sex, or your measured stride — with walking or running pace, time, calories burned and a steps-to-distance table.

Estimate your walking or running stride length from your height and sex, and get the steps it takes to cover a mile and a kilometre.

Turn one race result into your Daniels VDOT running fitness score, then predict equivalent times at every distance from the mile to the marathon.

Predict your marathon finish time from a recent race with Riegel’s formula (adjustable fatigue exponent), Daniels’ VDOT equivalence or Tanda’s training formula — with goal pace, a per-km or per-mile pace band, even and negative-split plans and 5 km checkpoints.

Work out your cycling watts per kilogram from FTP and body weight, and see where your W/kg lands on the rider-category scale.

Turn your cycling FTP into the seven Coggan power training zones, from active recovery to neuromuscular, with the exact watt range for each.

Find your swimming pace per 100 metres and per 100 yards from any distance and time, with speed and split times for common pool distances.

Calculate a World Handicap System score differential from your round, estimate your handicap index, and convert it to a course handicap.

Calculate a pitcher’s earned run average and WHIP from earned runs, hits, walks and innings pitched, with baseball’s ⅓-inning notation handled correctly.

Build a hitter’s full slash line — batting average, on-base percentage, slugging and OPS — from hits, extra-base hits and plate discipline stats.

Calculate field-goal percentage, effective field-goal percentage and true shooting percentage from makes, three-pointers, free throws and points.

Estimate calories burned running from your weight and your speed, pace or distance, plus duration, incline and treadmill or outdoor running — with net and gross calories, kcal per km and mile, and tables by speed and time.

Compute your Wilks coefficient and score to compare powerlifting totals across body weights and between men and women.

Find a player or team’s points per game and project the full-season total, plus the pace needed to reach a target.

Compute an NFL quarterback passer rating from completions, attempts, yards, touchdowns and interceptions using the official four-component formula.

Turn completions and attempts into a completion percentage, and find how many straight completions it takes to reach a target rate.

Compute a hitter’s OPS from a full batting line — on-base percentage plus slugging percentage, the quick all-round measure of offense.

Compute a hitter’s slugging percentage (SLG) — total bases per at-bat — from singles, doubles, triples and home runs.

Compute a pitcher’s WHIP — walks plus hits allowed per inning pitched — the standard measure of baserunners allowed.

See how little time a returner has to react to a tennis serve — the travel time of the ball from a given serve speed and distance.

Estimate expected goals from a number of shots and their average chance quality, plus the probability of scoring at least one goal.

Plan a negative-split race: from a target finish time and distance, get the pace for the slower first half and faster second half.

Work out road cycling speed from pedaling cadence, chainring and cog teeth, and wheel size — plus gear ratio and metres of development.

Convert an erg or on-water row into a 500m split pace and the Concept2 power in watts, from your distance and total time.

Break down boxing punch output CompuBox-style: connect percentage, jab vs power punch accuracy, and punches landed per round.

Estimate peak leg power in watts from a vertical jump height and body mass using the Sayers equation.

Turn points, shots, free throws, offensive rebounds and turnovers into points per possession and offensive rating — the efficiency stats that pace and tempo cannot hide.

Divide rushing yards by carries for yards per carry — from season totals, a carry-by-carry list or a game log — with a league benchmark, the yards needed for a target average, per-game and 17-game pace, touchdown and fumble rates, explosive and stuffed runs, and a projection over any number of carries.

Weight three-pointers correctly with effective field goal percentage (eFG%), and compare it to raw field goal and three-point percentage from the same shooting line.

Divide free throws made by attempts for your free throw percentage — from season totals or a game-by-game log — and see the makes you need to reach a target, a likely range for your true percentage, a league benchmark and what each trip to the line is worth.

Turn shots against and goals allowed into a goaltender save percentage and goals-against average — the two numbers that define netminding in hockey.

Project a hockey player’s goals, assists and points over the 84-game NHL season (or any league) from the pace so far, allowing for team games played and games missed, with a likely range, points and goals needed for 100-point or 50-goal milestones and the pace at other season lengths.

Divide completed passes by attempts for pass completion percentage, and see how many misplaced passes it takes to move the number — the backbone of possession football.

Turn kills, hitting errors and total attempts into volleyball hitting percentage — the attacking efficiency stat that can even go negative.

Add up four relay leg times for a total, average split and each runner’s share — for the 4×100 m, 4×400 m and any four-leg relay.

Add swim, T1, bike, T2 and run times for a full triathlon finish time, then get overall pace per kilometre across the total distance.

Estimate your Critical Swim Speed threshold pace from a 400 m and 200 m time trial — the pace that anchors distance swim training.

Project a skill player’s fantasy points in PPR scoring from receptions, yards, touchdowns and turnovers — with the half-PPR total alongside.

Build your five running heart-rate training zones from your age — with the Karvonen (heart-rate reserve) method if you add a resting heart rate.

Estimate your lactate threshold running pace — the pace you can hold for about an hour — from a recent race result using Riegel’s endurance model.

Predict your race time at any distance from a recent result using Peter Riegel’s formula T₂ = T₁ × (D₂ ÷ D₁)^1.06 — with the equivalent pace.

Turn a race time into an age-graded percentage so you can compare performances across ages and distances — a simplified WMA-style score.

Convert average power and ride time into calories burned and mechanical work in kilojoules — the power-meter way to measure a ride.

Set your running functional threshold pace (rFTPa) from a time-trial test, and get pace-based training zones off it.

Work out your swim stroke rate, distance per stroke and SWOLF score from strokes and time per length — the numbers that reveal swimming efficiency.

Estimate calories burned walking from your weight, pace, time and incline using the ACSM walking energy equation.

Estimate calories burned skipping rope from your weight, time and intensity — jumping rope is one of the highest-MET cardio workouts there is.

Estimate your VO₂max and cardio fitness rating from a 1.5-mile run using the validated BYU (George) 1.5-mile run test equation.

See where your plank hold time ranks with an estimated percentile and core-endurance rating, based on typical adult plank norms.

Rate your push-up test result against age- and sex-based fitness norms — from "needs improvement" to "excellent" — and see your next target.

Turn your serve and return point-win percentages into hold, break, set and match win probabilities using the standard independent-point model.

Game and match win probability under rally scoring from the share of rallies you win: badminton to 21 with the 30-point cap or the 3×15 format (cap 21) that starts in January 2027, table tennis to 11, squash PAR-11 or a custom game, best of 1, 3, 5 or 7, separate serve and receive rates, a live score, deuce chance, expected rallies, likely final scores and match-score odds.

Convert the number of darts you threw to check out a 501 leg into your three-dart average — the number the pros are judged on.

Add up the points in a snooker break from the reds potted, the colour taken with each red, and whether you clear the colours at the end.

Turn a total archery score and the number of arrows shot into your average ring score and how close you sit to a perfect end.

Estimate a PDGA-style round rating from your score, the course’s scratch scoring average and its points-per-throw value.

Add up a 2 to 6 game bowling series, get the series average, high and low game, and your handicap per game and handicap series from your league basis score and percentage, using the USBC rule of dropping fractions or normal rounding.

Convert rock-climbing route grades between the American YDS, French sport and UIAA systems with a full side-by-side scale.

Estimate calories burned downhill skiing, snowboarding, cross-country skiing, ski touring or snowshoeing from your weight, time and intensity, using 2024 Compendium of Physical Activities METs. It can take out lift and break time, and shows gross and net calories, per hour, whole-trip totals and a comparison of every winter activity.

Estimate how long a hike will take from its distance and total ascent using Naismith’s rule, the classic mountain time formula.

Estimate the calories burned kayaking or canoeing from your body weight, paddling time and how hard you were working.

Build a pace band for your goal marathon or half-marathon: the exact clock time you should hit at every 5K split to finish on target.

Compute the classic NFL passer rating (0–158.3) from completions, attempts, yards, touchdowns and interceptions — the simple quarterback rating formula.

Estimate a player’s efficiency with the simple NBA efficiency (PER-style) box-score formula, as a total and per game.

Turn on-base and slugging into OPS+, the park- and league-adjusted metric where 100 is league average and higher is better.

Turn a team’s wins, draws and losses into total points, points per game and a full-season projection under the 3-1-0 system.

Estimate each player’s chance of winning a match from their Elo ratings using the standard logistic Elo expected-score formula.

Score any race time as an age-grade percentage against the age- and sex-standard time, so a 55-year-old and a 25-year-old can be compared fairly.

Estimate normalized power and the variability index from your effort’s power segments using the fourth-power averaging method.

Score any swim against the world record with FINA (World Aquatics) points, using the standard cubed-ratio formula.

Convert Concept2 erg watts to a 500m split, or a split to watts, with the official formula (watts = 2.80 ÷ pace³). Also shows speed, race times at that pace, Paul’s Law predictions, calories per hour as the monitor shows them and for your weight, watts per kg, distance per stroke and a watts–split table.

Compare Olympic weightlifting totals across bodyweights with the Sinclair coefficient and Sinclair total.

Score a powerlifting total across bodyweights with DOTS, the modern replacement for the Wilks coefficient.

Work out how much T1 and T2 transition time you have left against a target finish, given your swim, bike and run splits.

Convert a 40-yard dash time into average speed in mph, km/h and m/s, with hand-time correction, 10- and 20-yard split speeds, speed score and NFL combine averages by position.

See where your standing broad (long) jump ranks against adult norms as a percentile, using sex-specific averages.

Turn a 5-10-5 pro agility shuttle time into an average speed and a rating band, adjusted for sex.

Blend your 40-yard dash, vertical jump and bench reps into one simple 0–100 athletic combine score.

Compute flying speed from a timed split segment — distance between two gates divided by the split time, in mph, km/h and m/s.

Estimate your walking step and stride length from your height, plus steps per mile and per kilometre.

Find the running cadence in steps per minute you need to hit a target pace at a given step length.

See how many extra calories a treadmill incline adds versus walking flat, using the ACSM walking equation.

Turn a goal 2000 m erg time into the 500 m split you must hold, plus the average watts and speed.

Divide your cycling FTP by body weight to get watts per kilogram and the rider category it maps to.

Divide your deadlift by your body weight to get the strength ratio and the training level it corresponds to.

See how your handgrip dynamometer reading ranks against adult norms as a percentile, by sex.

Enter one race result and see your equivalent 5K, 10K, half-marathon and marathon times using the Riegel endurance model.

Turn a goal finish time into a first-half and second-half pace plan that runs the back half faster — a proven way to race a strong even effort.

Blend your running and walking paces into one average pace and finish time for the Galloway run-walk-run method.

Build five personalised training zones from your max and resting heart rate using the Karvonen heart-rate-reserve method.

Estimate the training stress of a session from its duration, intensity and your threshold power — the workload metric behind fatigue and fitness tracking.

Estimate a performance "race weight" from your current weight, body-fat percentage and a realistic target body fat — protecting lean mass, not just cutting pounds.

Work out how many grams of carbohydrate to eat per day when carb-loading before an endurance race, scaled to your body weight.

Plan your pre-race taper: cut weekly training volume week by week from your peak while keeping some intensity, so you arrive fresh.

Estimate your VO2max / VDOT from a single race result using the Daniels–Gilbert equation — the number behind Jack Daniels’ training paces.

Estimate your lactate threshold heart rate (LTHR) and build Friel’s training zones around it — the anchor point for tempo and threshold work.

Find the right easy / recovery run pace from a recent race — because most of your running should be comfortably slower than race pace.

Build a safe week-by-week mileage ramp using the 10% rule, with optional cutback weeks — grow volume without inviting injury.

Turn a gross golf score and the course par into your score relative to par — even, over or under — plus your average strokes per hole.

Convert your net score on a hole into Stableford points using the standard scale — par is 2 points, birdie 3, bogey 1, double bogey or worse 0.

Compute the World Handicap System score differential from an adjusted gross score, course rating and slope — the building block of your handicap index.

Estimate your odds of a 300 game — twelve strikes in a row — from your strike rate, as a probability, a “1 in N” figure and expected games per perfecto.

Set a fair race for a pool or billiards match by scaling the weaker player’s target to the stronger player’s skill level.

Estimate the win probability between two table tennis players from their ratings using the Elo expectancy formula.

Compute your tournament performance rating from your score and the average rating of your opponents using the linear (400-point) method.

Estimate a DUPR-style pickleball rating from your recent win rate against opponents of a known average rating.

Project your chance of winning a best-of-three badminton match from your single-game win probability, plus the likely number of games.

Turn your kills, deaths and assists into a KDA ratio and a straight K/D — the core performance stats in MOBAs and shooters.

See your ranked win rate and estimate how many games it will take to climb a rank at your current form.

Rank daily-fantasy (DFS) players by value — projected fantasy points per $1,000 of salary — to build the most efficient lineup.

Find a team’s magic number — how many wins plus rival losses guarantee the division or a playoff berth over one chasing team.

Compute the clinch (magic) number and elimination (tragic) number for a playoff race between your team and the first team out.

Measure how tough a team’s schedule is from the combined win–loss record of its opponents — the simple opponents’ winning-percentage method.

Estimate a baseball team’s expected winning percentage and season wins from runs scored and runs allowed, using Bill James’s Pythagorean formula.

Project expected wins from points for and against for basketball, football or hockey using each sport’s tuned Pythagorean exponent.

Update an Elo rating after a single result — see the expected score, the points won or lost, and both teams’ new ratings.

Work out how many more points — and wins — a team needs to reach a playoff target, plus the points-per-game pace required.

Turn goals for and against into goal differential, per-game differential and a projected season figure — and see the gap to the league leader.

Project a baseball team’s full-season run differential and expected win total from its runs scored and allowed so far.

Add home-field advantage to a point spread and convert the adjusted margin into a home-team win probability.

For a single-elimination bracket, find the number of rounds, total games and first-round byes from the number of teams.

Count how many games a round-robin schedule needs — single or double — plus the number of rounds when every team plays each week.

Enter any distance and your goal pace to get the exact finish time, plus the equivalent pace in the other unit and your speed.

Turn a goal finish time into the two half-race splits you need — perfectly even, or a controlled negative split that runs the back half faster.

Convert a treadmill belt speed in mph or km/h into your running pace per mile and per km, so console numbers finally make sense.

Find how far you need to run to burn a target number of calories, based on your body weight and the energy cost of running.

Split weekly running, cycling or rowing volume with the 80/20 polarized model: easy, threshold and high-intensity minutes, a three-zone split with the Polarization Index, a session-by-session weekly plan with warm-ups and cool-downs, and heart-rate limits from your lactate threshold.

Build a gel-by-gel carbohydrate plan for race day from your finish time and target carb intake, with the exact timing between each fuel.

See how many miles are left in your running shoes and roughly how many weeks until they are due for replacement.

Compare the carbohydrate your marathon will burn against your glycogen stores and in-race fueling to gauge your risk of hitting the wall.

Adjust your goal running pace for hot weather and see how many seconds per mile and per km the heat is likely to cost you.

Estimate how much thinner air at altitude slows your endurance running pace, in seconds per mile and per km.

Estimate how much a downhill grade speeds up your running pace — and where the slope gets steep enough that braking cancels the gain.

Turn your recent 5K time into the right tempo (threshold) run pace, plus easy-run and 5K race paces for comparison.

Add up your best squat, bench and deadlift for a powerlifting total, and see it as a multiple of your bodyweight.

Estimate your one-rep max as the average of five published 1RM formulas — Epley, Brzycki, Lombardi, Lander and O’Conner — instead of trusting a single equation.

Divide a lift by your bodyweight to get your strength-to-weight ratio — the fairest way to compare strength across body sizes.

See the lowest body-fat percentage you would reach at a target weight class, and whether the class is realistic without cutting into muscle.

Plan how many weeks a fat cut to make weight should take at a safe rate, so you arrive lean without wrecking performance.

Estimate how much fluid and sodium to take in after a weight-cut weigh-in to rehydrate before you compete.

Split your daily protein target into evenly-spaced meals that each clear the muscle-building threshold for lifters.

Estimate how many weeks of hard training you can run before a deload, based on your experience and how hard the block is.

Turn a set’s weight, reps and RPE into an estimated one-rep max using the reps-in-reserve method lifters actually use.

Convert a target bar speed into an estimated %1RM and working load using a lift-specific load–velocity profile.

Project realistic strength gains for the year ahead based on your training age — because newbie gains don’t last forever.

Estimate how much lean muscle you can realistically build per month and per year, based on training experience and sex.

Estimate the calories a bike ride burns from its distance, average gradient, your speed and combined rider-plus-bike weight using a real power model.

Turn your chainring, cog, cadence and wheel size into road speed, metres of development per pedal stroke and gear inches.

Compute VAM — vertical ascent metres per hour — from your elevation gain and climb time, and estimate the relative power it took.

See how much power you save sitting in a draft versus riding solo at the same speed, and the effective watts you keep in your legs.

Combine your strokes and seconds per length into a SWOLF efficiency score, normalised to 25 m so you can track it across pools.

Enter a goal swim distance and finish time to get the pace per 100 you must hold, plus the split for each 25, 50 and length.

Estimate the extra distance and time an open-water swim really costs once you add course drift and the seconds lost lifting your head to sight.

Predict your triathlon bike-leg time from a target average power, using a physics model that solves for your steady speed on a flat course.

Find the bike ride that burns the same calories as your run — equivalent cycling distance and time from your run distance, pace and weight.

Build your T1/T2 transition time from its parts — the run across transition plus the seconds each gear task costs — so race-day is no surprise.

Estimate your off-the-bike run pace and split for a brick workout, allowing for the first-kilometre "jelly legs" slowdown that fades as you settle.

Convert your best 20-minute average power into an estimated FTP using the standard 95% factor, with watts per kilogram and your training zones.

Turn field-goal and free-throw attempts into True Shooting Attempts (TSA) and True Shooting %, the scoring-efficiency stat that counts the trip to the line properly.

Divide total offensive yards by points scored to get yards per point — the efficiency stat that reveals whether a team is finishing drives or stalling in the red zone.

Work out a striker’s shot conversion rate — goals as a percentage of shots — plus shots needed per goal, the clinical-finishing stat scouts watch.

Compute Batting Average on Balls In Play (BABIP) from hits, home runs, at-bats, strikeouts and sacrifice flies — the luck-and-skill stat that predicts regression.

Work out break-point conversion in tennis from break points won and chances, with chances per break, a 95% range for small samples, a tour-average comparison, breaks per return game, break points saved, an ATP-style Under Pressure rating and how many conversions in a row reach a target rate.

Calculate side-out percentage — how often a team wins the point when receiving serve — the core efficiency metric that decides volleyball matches.

Compute Corsi and Corsi For % (CF%) from shot-attempt events for and against — hockey’s go-to shot-attempt possession metric.

Calculate greens in regulation (GIR) percentage from greens hit and holes played — the ball-striking stat that most strongly predicts scoring.

Find your spare conversion percentage — how often you knock down the remaining pins after an open first ball — the single biggest lever on your bowling average.

Work out current run rate and the required run rate to chase a target — the two numbers that drive every limited-overs cricket run chase.

Divide points scored by attacking phases to measure rugby attacking efficiency — how much scoreboard reward a side extracts from each phase of possession.

Calculate your three-dart average from total points scored and darts thrown — the headline scoring stat every darts player is judged by.

Net run rate for a match or a whole tournament — runs and overs for and against, with the all-out full-quota rule applied.

Runs needed, balls left, required run rate and the runs-per-over target for a chase — with a comparison against the current run rate.

Projected final total from the current score and overs — at the current run rate and at faster finishing rates of 6, 8, 10 and 12 an over.

Batting strike rate from runs and balls faced — for one innings or a pasted list of innings — with runs per over, boundary and dot-ball shares, a Test/ODI/T20 benchmark, the runs or balls needed for a target strike rate and the balls you would take to reach 50 or 100.

Bowling economy, average and strike rate from runs conceded, overs and balls bowled, and wickets taken — with the dot-ball percentage if you know it.

Batting average from runs and dismissals (innings minus not-outs), with runs per innings, the average after your next score and the runs needed to lift it.

Fielding percentage from putouts, assists and errors, plus total chances, range factor per game and how it compares with league norms by position.

First-serve percentage, points won on first and second serve, total service points won, double-fault and ace rates, break points saved, an ATP-style serve rating and the service-hold probability from match stats, with tables showing what a better first or second serve is worth.

Goals per game and per 90 minutes from season totals or a match-by-match log — with minutes per goal, non-penalty goals, goals plus assists, shot conversion, xG over- or under-performance, the chance of scoring in a match and a season projection with the goals still needed for a target.

Estimate the carry and total distance of every club in your bag from one club you know or from your driver swing speed — with typical or tour-style gapping, lofts, altitude, a plays-like distance for wind and elevation, and the club to hit for a target, in yards or metres.

Recommended alpine ski length from your height, weight, ability, skiing style, ski type (carving, all-mountain, powder, park, touring) and rocker profile, with a size range, where the ski should reach on you, pole length, junior sizing and a table of lengths for every ability and ski type.

Goalie GAA and save percentage for hockey, lacrosse or soccer from goals allowed, minutes played and shots faced, scaled to a 60- or 90-minute game.

Basketball assist-to-turnover ratio, assists and turnovers per game and per 36 minutes, turnover percentage and how the ratio compares with position norms.

Convert a 20 m multistage shuttle-run (beep test) result — level and shuttle — into estimated VO₂ max, running speed and total distance, with a fitness rating.

Convert a Yo-Yo IR1 or IR2 result (level and shuttle) to distance covered and estimated VO₂max, with benchmarks for football, rugby, hockey and referees.

Training Stress Score from ride duration, normalized power and FTP — intensity factor, TSS per hour, and what the score means for recovery — plus weekly load and the CTL/ATL ramp.

Critical power and W′ (anaerobic work capacity) from two or three maximal efforts of different durations — the hyperbolic power-duration model — with predicted power for any duration and time to exhaustion.

Acute-to-chronic workload ratio from the last 7 days of training load versus the 28-day average — session RPE × minutes, TSS or distance — with the injury-risk “sweet spot” 0.8–1.3 and next-week load limits.

Starting saddle height from inseam using the LeMond (0.883), Hamley (1.09) and heel methods — for road, gravel, MTB and TT bikes — with knee-angle check and adjustments for cleats, crank length and pedals.

Recommended bike frame size from height and inseam for road, gravel, mountain, hybrid and kids’ bikes — in centimetres, inches and S/M/L letters — with stack/reach hints and crank-length suggestion.

Find your snowboard length from weight and height, then fine-tune it for riding style, ability, board shape and men’s, women’s or kids’ boards. Get the minimum waist width for your boot size (US, UK, EU or Mondo), a flex and stance suggestion, a size chart and the working.

Find the ISO 11088 chart DIN release value for your ski bindings from weight, height, boot sole length, age and skier type (−1, 1, 2, 3 or 3+), with your skier code, the twist and forward-lean torques, a check against your binding’s DIN range and the full release chart. A starting point only: have a certified technician set and test your bindings.

Find your ideal surfboard volume in litres from weight, ability, fitness, age, waves, how often you surf and your wetsuit. Estimate a board’s volume from its dimensions and board type, compare it with your target, and see a volume chart by weight and level.

Find your kayak paddle length from height and boat width (low-angle, high-angle or whitewater), your SUP paddle from height and discipline, or your canoe paddle from torso length — in cm and inches, with the full sizing charts, adjustable-paddle range and shaft size.

Which wetsuit thickness (2 mm shorty to 6/5/4 hooded) to wear for surfing, diving, swimming or paddling from water temperature, wind and air, activity level and how easily you get cold — plus boots, gloves and hood advice.

Front-of-center balance percentage of an arrow from its length and balance point — with the ideal FOC ranges for target, hunting and traditional archery, and how point weight changes the balance.

Kinetic energy (ft·lb and joules) and momentum of an arrow from weight in grains and speed in fps — with the Easton hunting guidelines by game size, downrange energy loss and speed from bow IBO rating.

Static golf club length fitting from height and wrist-to-floor measurement — recommended length adjustment for irons, driver and putter, lie-angle hint and standard lengths for men’s, women’s and junior sets.

Calculate a sailboat's sail area to displacement ratio (SA/D = SA ÷ (disp/64)^⅔), interpret it from under-canvassed cruiser to racer, see the sail area needed for a target ratio, the upwind versus downwind sail plan, and how loading the boat for cruising lowers the number.

Calculate a boat's displacement to length ratio (D/L = disp in long tons ÷ (0.01 × LWL)³), classify it from ultralight to heavy displacement, compare with hull speed and the speed/length ratio it can realistically reach, and see the displacement that would put it in a different class.

Calculate the US Sailing capsize screening formula (beam ÷ (displacement/64)^⅓) used to screen offshore-race entries, with the 2.0 threshold, the maximum beam or minimum displacement that would pass, the ballast ratio, and notes on limits of the formula for modern wide, light hulls.

Calculate Ted Brewer's motion comfort ratio from displacement, waterline and overall length and beam, interpret it from light racer to heavy offshore cruiser, and see how adding payload or beam changes the predicted motion in a seaway.

Calculate velocity made good (VMG) upwind or downwind, or VMC toward a mark, from boat speed and true wind angle. Compare pointing with footing, see the break-even speed for each angle, leeway and tidal stream, the share of boat speed kept, time per mile, time and distance sailed to a mark, the tacking angle and the layline.

Estimate the aerodynamic force on a sail or sail plan from wind speed, sail area and lift/drag coefficient, the pressure in psf and Pa, the heeling moment from the centre of effort height, when to reef by wind strength, and the sheet load for winch sizing.

Turn a miss measured on the target, or read in your reticle, into scope clicks for ¼ MOA, ⅛ MOA, ½ MOA, 1 MOA, 0.1 mil or 0.05 mil turrets. Handles true MOA or inch-per-100-yard turrets, and shows the leftover error after rounding, turret turns, group size in MOA and mil, and the size of one MOA, one mil and one click at any distance.

Calculate muzzle energy in ft·lbf and joules, momentum, IPSC/USPSA power factor (grains × fps ÷ 1000), Taylor knock-out value and sectional density from bullet weight, velocity and calibre, with minor/major thresholds and typical hunting energy guidelines.

Calculate free recoil energy and velocity of a rifle, shotgun or handgun from bullet or shot weight, muzzle velocity, powder charge and firearm weight, compare with common cartridges on a comfort scale, and see how much a heavier gun, a muzzle brake or a lighter load reduces recoil.

Check whether a barrel twist stabilises your bullet with the Miller formula: gyroscopic stability factor Sg from bullet length, weight, calibre and velocity, corrected for temperature and station pressure or altitude, with a plastic-tip allowance. Shows the twist needed for Sg 1.4, 1.5 and 2.0, the longest bullet your barrel stabilises, the Greenhill rule, spin rpm and an Sg-by-twist table.

Calculate the forward allowance for a crossing clay, dove, duck, pheasant or goose from target speed, distance and crossing angle. Shot flight time comes from pellet drag for lead, steel, bismuth and tungsten shot at your muzzle velocity, and the lead is shown in feet or metres, target lengths, degrees and barrel widths, with retained pellet velocity and energy and a lead-by-range table.

Calculate the fall factor of a lead climbing fall from height above the last piece, slack and rope out, then estimate the peak impact force on the climber and the load on the top piece from the rope's UIAA impact-force rating and the climber's weight — with the danger zones from factor-2 falls to near-static slings.

From an elevated stand, find the horizontal distance to use for your pin or holdover from the stand height and the rangefinder line-of-sight reading (or the ground distance): shot angle, cosine factor, how high you hit if you use the slant range, the gravity-only shoot-as distance, arrow flight time vs sound, the steep-angle anatomy warning and a table of angles by distance, in yards or metres.

Estimate a deer, elk, moose, antelope or wild hog's live weight from its field-dressed weight (or the reverse), the hanging carcass weight and the pounds of boneless venison you will take home by shot placement and trim, the split between steaks, roasts and grind, freezer space and processing cost per pound.

Work out pellet count from payload and shot size (lead, steel, bismuth, tungsten), the pellets a choke puts in a 30-inch circle at 40 yards and at other ranges, whether the pattern meets the density a game bird, clay or turkey needs, the maximum effective range on density and pellet energy, and the choke to pick.

Dead reckoning on foot: work out your pace count per 100 m from a measured course (or estimate it from your height), the paces to walk any leg with terrain, slope, load and night adjustments, how to set ranger/pace beads, the time the leg takes at your speed, and the position error to expect so you can aim off or use a catching feature.

Calculate IPF GL (Goodlift) points for a powerlifting total or a bench-press-only result — classic (raw) or equipped, men or women — with the coefficient and the total needed for each GL score.

Score the Harvard Step Test: enter how long you stepped and your recovery heart-rate counts to get the physical fitness index (long or short form) and its rating from poor to excellent.

Rate your sit-and-reach flexibility score by age and sex using the Canadian trunk forward flexion norms (ACSM): excellent, very good, good, fair or needs improvement, with the score needed for the next level.

Estimate your maximum natural muscular potential — the most lean mass and body weight you can carry drug-free — from height, wrist and ankle size (Casey Butt), compared with Martin Berkhan's rule and the FFMI 25 limit.

Calculate Banister's TRIMP (training impulse) for a workout from its duration and average, resting and maximum heart rate, with the share of heart-rate reserve and the ACSM intensity level.

Enter a week of session-RPE workouts (minutes × effort) to get weekly training load, Foster's training monotony and training strain, with a warning when the week is too monotonous.

Calculate the Ruffier index and the Ruffier-Dickson index from three heart rates — at rest, right after 30 squats and one minute later — and see your cardiovascular fitness rating.

Estimate VO2max from a single-stage Åstrand-Ryhming cycle ergometer test: workload in watts, steady-state heart rate, sex, age and body weight, with Åstrand's age correction.

Calculate peak, mean and minimum power and the fatigue index from the six 35 m sprints of the Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST), in watts and watts per kilogram.

Estimate VO2max from the Queens College (McArdle) 3-minute step test: enter your 15-second recovery pulse count and sex to get predicted VO2max, recovery heart rate and METs.

Estimate VO2max and METs from your total time on the Bruce treadmill test, with the stage, speed and grade you reached and the full Bruce protocol stage table.

Estimate VO2max from your time on the Balke treadmill test (Balke–Ware protocol for men, Balke protocol for women), with the final grade reached and METs.

Estimate VO2max from the Ebbeling single-stage submaximal treadmill walking test: enter walking speed, steady-state heart rate on the 5% grade, age and sex.

Estimate VO2max from the YMCA submaximal bike test: enter two stage workloads and steady-state heart rates to extrapolate maximal workload and predicted VO2max.

Rate your Cooper 12-minute swim test: enter the distance you swam in 12 minutes, your age and sex to get the Cooper fitness rating, your pace per 100 and the distance for each rating.

Estimate VO2max from your final speed on the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (VIFT) with Buchheit's equation, plus the stage reached and interval running distances.

Score a 30-second Wingate anaerobic cycle test: enter body mass, flywheel load and pedal revolutions per 5 s to get peak power, mean power, W/kg, fatigue index and total work.

Rate your Illinois agility run time against the classic norms for men and women — excellent to poor — and see the time you need for the next rating.

Calculate maximal aerobic speed (MAS) from a 1,500–2,000 m or 5–6 minute time trial, in m/s, km/h and pace, with 15/15 and 30/30 interval distances at 90–120% MAS.

Convert your running pace on an uphill or downhill grade into the equivalent flat-ground effort (grade adjusted pace) using Minetti's energy cost of running on slopes.

Calculate the watts needed to ride at a given speed from rider and bike weight, gradient, wind, riding position (CdA), tyres and altitude — with the split between air drag, rolling resistance and climbing.

Project fitness (CTL), fatigue (ATL) and form (TSB) from your current values and a planned daily TSS — plan a taper or a build with the performance management chart method.

Calculate reactive strength index (RSI) from a drop jump, or RSI-modified from a countermovement jump, using flight time or jump height and ground contact time.

Calculate a team’s or player’s winning percentage from wins, losses and ties (ties as half a win or ignored), games over .500, league points and the straight wins needed to reach a target.

Find your motorcycle, bicycle or ski helmet size (XS to 3XL) from your head circumference in cm or inches, with the full size chart and tips for when you are between sizes.

Find the right baseball bat length from the player’s height (cm or feet/inches) and the usual length-to-weight drop for their age and league, from tee ball to BBCOR high school bats.

Find your tennis racket grip size (US 4–4 3/4 inches or European L0–L6) by measuring from the middle crease of your palm to the tip of your ring finger, in cm or inches.

Which ball size for my child? Get the right soccer, basketball, volleyball or handball size by age and gender, with official circumference and weight for each size.

Convert swimming pool lengths or running track laps to metres, kilometres and miles — or find how many laps make a distance — for 25 m, 50 m and 25-yard pools and 400 m tracks by lane.

Calculate a pitcher’s FIP (Fielding Independent Pitching) from innings, home runs, walks, hit batters and strikeouts, compare it with ERA and see where it ranks on the FanGraphs scale.

Calculate a pitcher’s K/9 (strikeouts per nine innings) plus BB/9, H/9, HR/9, K/BB, strikeout rate and K−BB% from innings pitched and season totals.

Calculate Bill James’ Runs Created with the basic, stolen-base and technical formulas, plus runs created per 27 outs, total bases and outs made, from a hitter’s season line.

Calculate a hitter’s isolated power (ISO = SLG − AVG) from at-bats, hits, doubles, triples and home runs, with batting average, slugging and the FanGraphs ISO rating scale.

Calculate how many games behind the leader a team is from both teams’ wins and losses, with winning percentages, games remaining and how each result moves the gap — for baseball, basketball or any W-L table.

Convert a pitch speed from a youth or softball pitching distance to the equivalent speed from 60 ft 6 in (or any other distance) by matching the batter’s reaction time, in km/h or mph.

Calculate a basketball player’s usage rate (USG%) — the share of team possessions he ends with a shot, free throws or a turnover while on the floor — with the Basketball-Reference formula.

Calculate John Hollinger’s Game Score (GmSc) for one basketball game from points, shooting, rebounds, assists, steals, blocks, fouls and turnovers, with a line-by-line breakdown.

Calculate the NCAA passing efficiency rating used in college and high school football from attempts, completions, yards, touchdowns and interceptions, with the NFL passer rating for the same line.

Calculate a quarterback’s ANY/A (adjusted net yards per pass attempt) — plus Y/A, NY/A, AY/A and sack rate — from attempts, yards, touchdowns, interceptions and sacks.

Estimate walking speed and hiking time on any slope with Tobler’s hiking function — horizontal distance, elevation change and terrain (trail, off-trail or horseback), in km and m or miles and feet.

Find your bow draw length from your arm span with the archery wingspan ÷ 2.5 rule, plus the compound bow setting and a suggested arrow length, in centimeters or inches.

Add up total arrow weight in grains and grams from shaft GPI, length, point, insert, nock, vanes and wrap, then get grains per pound (GPP) for your draw weight and the 5 GPP safety minimum.

Find the right stand-up paddle board volume in liters from your weight, extra load (gear, child or dog) and skill level, with a volume range and typical board length and width.

Find the right windsurf sail size in square meters from your weight and the wind speed in knots, km/h, mph or m/s, with a sail quiver chart for 10–35 knots.

See how much farther a golf ball carries at altitude — about 1.16% per 1,000 ft (Titleist) — with your adjusted carry, the extra distance and the “plays like” distance for targets at elevation.

Find the right hockey stick flex from body weight with the half-body-weight rule, adjusted for position, shot style and how much you cut the stick, with the nearest flex sold in stores.

Find the right bowling ball weight from your body weight with the 10% rule, adjusted for strength and for a house ball or custom-drilled ball, capped at the 16 lb maximum.

Turn a marathon goal time into Yasso 800 interval times — or your 800 m repeat average into a marathon prediction — with 400 m splits, pace per km and mile and the full session time.

Find your MAF heart rate with Phil Maffetone’s 180 formula: 180 minus your age, adjusted for your health and training history, plus your aerobic training zone in bpm.

Estimate calories burned climbing stairs from your weight, the number of steps, step height and pace, using the ACSM stepping equation, with floors, height climbed and METs.

Calculate oxygen uptake (VO2), METs and calories with the ACSM metabolic equations for walking, running, leg and arm cycle ergometry and bench stepping.

Estimate calories burned during exercise from your average heart rate, age, weight, sex and duration using the Keytel (2005) equations used by many fitness watches.

Calculate your Heath-Carter somatotype — endomorphy, mesomorphy and ectomorphy — from height, weight, four skinfolds, two bone breadths and two girths, with somatochart X–Y.

Estimate calories burned lifting weights from body weight, workout length and training style — general, heavy compound, powerlifting or circuit — using Compendium MET values.